Seeing the Face, Seeing the Soul: Polemon's Physiognomy from Classical Antiquity to Medieval IslamPolemon of Laodicea (near modern Denizli, south west Turkey) was a wealthy Greek aristocrat and a key member of the intellectual movement known as the Second Sophistic. Among his works was the Physiognomy, a manual on how to tell character from appearance, thus enabling its readers to choose friends and avoid enemies on sight. Its formula of detailed instruction and personal reminiscence proved so successful that the book was re edited in the fourth