The Heart of the Constitution: How the Bill of Rights Became the Bill of RightsThis is the untold story of the most celebrated part of the Constitution. Until the twentieth century, few Americans called the first ten constitutional amendments drafted by James Madison in 1789 and ratified by the states in 1791 the Bill of Rights. Even more surprising, when people finally started doing so between the Spanish American War and World War II, the Bill of Rights was usually invoked to justify increasing rather than restricting the